Quality Assurance

Q1. What is the cost of quality?

1. A.The total cost of ensuring quality plus the cost of poor quality✓ Correct
2. B.Only the prevention costs of quality effort spent
3. C.Only the rework and bug fixing cost totals only
4. D.Only the software testing costs and effort totals

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Q2. What is a software standard?

1. A.A physical flag or banner displayed for events according to best practices
2. B.A physical computing hardware component and part by the development process
3. C.A specific type of application source code module within the system boundary
4. D.A documented agreement containing rules and guidelines for software development✓ Correct

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Q3. What is the defect density metric?

1. A.Number of defects per individual developer person during the software lifecycle
2. B.The number of defects found per unit size of software (e.g., per KLOC)✓ Correct
3. C.The severity rating of individual defects and bugs for the development team
4. D.The total number of all defects combined overall within the project scope

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Q4. What is ISO 9001?

1. A.An international standard for quality management systems✓ Correct
2. B.A specialized software testing tool suite and program
3. C.A general-purpose programming language tool and set
4. D.A specific type of application source code file only

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Q5. What is the ISO/IEC 25010 quality model?

1. A.A standard defining software quality characteristics like functionality, reliability, and usability✓ Correct
2. B.A relational database normalization model and form in the engineering discipline
3. C.A specific automobile car model type and category by the project team members
4. D.A software architecture design model pattern type and related components to achieve project objectives

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Q6. What is the purpose of quality control?

1. A.Checking that deliverables meet quality standards✓ Correct
2. B.Controlling the overall project scope boundary
3. C.Controlling physical hardware components and parts
4. D.Controlling the overall project team size numbers

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Q7. What is a review in software QA?

1. A.A systematic examination of software artifacts to find issues✓ Correct
2. B.A movie review and rating evaluation by critics
3. C.An employee performance review and appraisal form
4. D.A consumer product rating and evaluation review

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Q8. What is the concept of 'shift left' in quality?

1. A.Moving the computer screen display to the left side throughout the project
2. B.Moving deployment earlier in the schedule timeline during implementation
3. C.Moving testing and quality activities earlier in the development lifecycle✓ Correct
4. D.Shifting team members to different project assignments in the system context

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Q9. What is software quality?

1. A.The overall speed of software development activities
2. B.The total number of features available in the app
3. C.The degree to which software meets requirements and user expectations✓ Correct
4. D.The total length of all source code lines and files

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Q10. What is a code inspection?

1. A.A formal review of source code by peers to find defects✓ Correct
2. B.Running the compiled application directly for users
3. C.Compiling the source code into binary executables
4. D.Looking at a computer display screen only visually

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Q11. What is a software defect?

1. A.An intended software feature or product capability and its related activities
2. B.A scheduled software update or patch file release over the entire lifecycle
3. C.A recognized software design pattern and approach as defined by standards
4. D.A flaw in software that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results✓ Correct

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Q12. What is formal technical review (FTR)?

1. A.A regular source code coding session for features as part of the methodology
2. B.A structured review technique with specific roles and procedures to find defects✓ Correct
3. C.An informal casual team meeting with no structure for effective project outcomes
4. D.A production deployment meeting and schedule plan in the development process

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Q13. What is the difference between QA and testing?

1. A.The two concepts are fundamentally the same exact thing across all phases
2. B.QA focuses on preventing defects through processes; testing focuses on finding defects✓ Correct
3. C.Testing is always much broader than QA practices are in a systematic way
4. D.QA only involves software testing activities and nothing else for the project goals

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Q14. What does QA stand for in software?

1. A.Quantitative Assessment
2. B.Query Analysis
3. C.Quick Application
4. D.Quality Assurance✓ Correct

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Q15. What is the difference between a walkthrough and an inspection?

1. A.A walkthrough always has defined formal roles setup in all development efforts
2. B.A walkthrough is informal and author-led; an inspection is formal with defined roles✓ Correct
3. C.An inspection is always informal and casual in tone within the given constraints
4. D.The two approaches are completely identical overall for all project stakeholders

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Q16. What is a quality audit?

1. A.An independent evaluation of software processes and products against standards✓ Correct
2. B.A financial accounting audit process only exclusively for quality purposes
3. C.A system performance load test execution and report as a standard approach
4. D.A formal source code peer review session and meeting in practice typically

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Q17. What is defect prevention?

1. A.Activities aimed at identifying and addressing the root causes of defects before they occur✓ Correct
2. B.Testing only at the very end of the whole project in a systematic way
3. C.Finding defects only after production release launch at every stage across all phases
4. D.Deliberately ignoring all known defects and issues by the organization

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Q18. What is the GQM (Goal-Question-Metric) approach?

1. A.A recreational video gaming strategy method approach in all development efforts by the project team members
2. B.A source code implementation coding approach method and related components to achieve project objectives
3. C.A systematic approach to defining goals, deriving questions, and identifying metrics for quality measurement✓ Correct
4. D.A comprehensive software testing approach method only in the engineering discipline

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Q19. What are the internal and external failure costs?

1. A.Internal failure costs are always much higher overall for all project stakeholders within the given constraints
2. B.External failure costs are always much cheaper overall over the entire lifecycle as defined by standards
3. C.The two cost types are fundamentally the same thing by the development process and its related activities
4. D.Internal failures are found before release (rework); external failures are found after release (support, reputation)✓ Correct

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Q20. What is Statistical Process Control (SPC) in software QA?

1. A.A source code implementation coding technique method as part of the methodology
2. B.A software architecture and design method guide book in the development process
3. C.Using statistical methods to monitor and control software processes to ensure they operate predictably✓ Correct
4. D.A statistical report generated for project managers for effective project outcomes

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Q21. What is the Pareto principle in QA?

1. A.All modules have an equal number of bugs and issues
2. B.Equal distribution of bugs across all code modules
3. C.Approximately 80% of defects come from 20% of the modules✓ Correct
4. D.Testing all modules equally and consistently overall

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Q22. What is the role of a QA engineer?

1. A.Ensuring software quality through planning, testing, and process improvement✓ Correct
2. B.Only writing project documentation materials only within the system boundary
3. C.Only writing application source code exclusively for the project goals
4. D.Only managing projects and schedules exclusively according to best practices

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Q23. What is Root Cause Analysis (RCA)?

1. A.A systematic process for identifying the underlying causes of defects or problems✓ Correct
2. B.Finding the roots of a physical plant in soil in the system context
3. C.A production deployment automation process method for quality purposes
4. D.A source code implementation coding technique only during implementation

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Q24. What is the concept of 'process maturity' in QA?

1. A.The overall size of the development process and scope for the development team throughout the project
2. B.Processes that have become outdated and old over time during the software lifecycle
3. C.The execution speed of all development processes running within the project scope
4. D.The extent to which an organization's processes are defined, managed, measured, and continuously improved✓ Correct

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Q25. What is the difference between product quality and process quality?

1. A.Product quality is entirely not measurable or assessable by the organization
2. B.The two concepts are completely identical to each other in practice typically
3. C.Product quality measures the software itself; process quality measures the development process✓ Correct
4. D.Process quality is completely irrelevant to all outcomes as a standard approach

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Q26. What is the Clean Room approach to quality?

1. A.A physically tidy and organized workspace and area by the development process
2. B.A hardware manufacturing clean room facility space and its related activities
3. C.A software development approach using formal verification to prevent defects rather than test for them✓ Correct
4. D.A specific testing environment setup and space area over the entire lifecycle

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Q27. What is the concept of 'quality gates' in software development?

1. A.A type of network firewall configuration and setup according to best practices
2. B.Physical security gates at building entrance areas for the project goals
3. C.Checkpoints in the development process where quality criteria must be met before proceeding✓ Correct
4. D.Security gates for data access control setup only within the system boundary

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Q28. What is the relationship between CMMI and software quality?

1. A.CMMI only measures physical hardware quality metrics for all project stakeholders
2. B.There is absolutely no relationship between the two as defined by standards
3. C.CMMI provides a framework for improving processes, which directly impacts software quality✓ Correct
4. D.CMMI completely replaces all software testing types within the given constraints

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Q29. What is a causal analysis meeting?

1. A.An informal casual meeting with team colleagues at every stage
2. B.A meeting to analyze the root causes of defects and identify preventive actions✓ Correct
3. C.A recreational team building social activity event in a systematic way
4. D.A project planning and scheduling meeting session across all phases

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Q30. What is the concept of 'zero defect' philosophy?

1. A.Deliberately ignoring all reported defect reports and related components
2. B.Having absolutely no tests in the entire project by the project team members
3. C.A quality approach emphasizing prevention and doing things right the first time✓ Correct
4. D.A goal that is impossible to ever achieve at all in all development efforts

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