Software Development Practices

Q1. What is agile development?

1. A.A programming language designed for rapid application development tasks
2. B.An iterative approach emphasizing collaboration and short delivery cycles✓ Correct
3. C.A testing method for validating software behavior against requirements
4. D.Developing software as fast as possible without any planning at all

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Q2. What is version control?

1. A.Tracking and managing code changes over time✓ Correct
2. B.Controlling which program version users access
3. C.A testing tool for validating software behavior
4. D.A deployment tool for releasing code to servers

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Q3. What is Git?

1. A.A distributed version control system for code✓ Correct
2. B.A general-purpose programming language
3. C.A database for storing application data
4. D.A compiler for translating source to binaries

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Q4. What is a merge in Git?

1. A.Creating a new commit in the repository
2. B.Splitting code into separate source files
3. C.Combining changes from one branch into another✓ Correct
4. D.Deleting a branch from the repository

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Q5. What is a branch in Git?

1. A.An independent line of development from main✓ Correct
2. B.A variable used to store temporary values
3. C.A copy of a file in the project directory
4. D.A function defined in the source code file

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Q6. What is a code review?

1. A.Deleting unused code from the codebase
2. B.Having developers examine code before merging✓ Correct
3. C.Writing documentation for the application
4. D.Running automated tests on the source code

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Q7. What is a commit in version control?

1. A.A deployment to the production environment
2. B.A branch created for feature development
3. C.Deleting code from the shared repository
4. D.A snapshot of changes saved with a message✓ Correct

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Q8. What is a pull request?

1. A.A data request sent to a server for information
2. B.A build request to compile and package the application
3. C.Pulling code packages from the internet registry
4. D.A request to merge changes with review and discussion✓ Correct

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Q9. What is the purpose of code comments?

1. A.To define variables inside the source file
2. B.To make the code execute faster at runtime
3. C.To handle errors during program execution
4. D.To explain the intent and reasoning in code✓ Correct

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Q10. What is Continuous Integration (CI)?

1. A.A deployment method for releasing code directly to production servers
2. B.Integrating code changes only once at the very end of development
3. C.A branching strategy for organizing feature development work in Git
4. D.Frequently merging code with automated builds and tests for feedback✓ Correct

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Q11. What is Continuous Deployment/Delivery (CD)?

1. A.Automatically deploying or making release-ready every passing change✓ Correct
2. B.A testing strategy for validating software behavior before release
3. C.A branching model for organizing development work into branches
4. D.Manual deployment performed by operations team members only

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Q12. What is documentation in software development?

1. A.Only code comments written inside source files
2. B.Written descriptions of software design and usage✓ Correct
3. C.A testing tool for validating software correctness
4. D.A deployment process for releasing to production

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Q13. What is a sprint in Scrum?

1. A.A fixed-length iteration for completing prioritized tasks✓ Correct
2. B.A deployment window for releasing features to production
3. C.A programming technique for optimizing code performance
4. D.Running fast to meet project deadlines under pressure

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Q14. What is a code smell?

1. A.Malicious code injected by an attacker into the system
2. B.A runtime bug that crashes the application unexpectedly
3. C.A surface indication suggesting a deeper design problem✓ Correct
4. D.A syntax error detected during the compilation process

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Q15. What is the YAGNI principle?

1. A.A testing approach for validating code correctness
2. B.A design pattern for creating reusable components
3. C.A programming language for building applications
4. D.Do not implement functionality until actually needed✓ Correct

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Q16. What is the KISS principle?

1. A.A security principle for protecting sensitive user data
2. B.A greeting or expression of affection between people
3. C.A testing method for validating software behavior fully
4. D.Keep It Simple: avoid unnecessary complexity in design✓ Correct

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Q17. What is technical debt?

1. A.Financial debt from purchasing technology equipment
2. B.Server costs for hosting applications in the cloud
3. C.The cost of future rework from choosing quick solutions✓ Correct
4. D.A type of bug caused by incorrect logic in the code

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Q18. What is pair programming?

1. A.Programming alone without any collaboration at all
2. B.Writing duplicate code for redundancy and safety nets
3. C.Two developers at one workstation: driver and navigator✓ Correct
4. D.Programming with matched pairs of source code files

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Q19. What is the difference between waterfall and agile methodologies?

1. A.Agile has no planning or structure and relies entirely on improvisation
2. B.There is no meaningful difference between the two methodologies at all
3. C.Waterfall is always faster than agile for delivering software to production
4. D.Waterfall is sequential with fixed phases; agile is iterative and flexible✓ Correct

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Q20. What is a merge conflict?

1. A.A deployment error when releasing code to production servers
2. B.A runtime error that occurs during program execution in prod
3. C.A syntax error caused by incorrect code in the source file
4. D.When Git cannot auto-merge because branches changed same code✓ Correct

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Q21. What is the Twelve-Factor App methodology?

1. A.Twelve testing phases that every software project must go through
2. B.A math-based approach to solving programming problems algorithmically
3. C.Twelve best practices for building scalable cloud-native applications✓ Correct
4. D.Twelve programming languages that every developer should learn fully

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Q22. What is trunk-based development?

1. A.A database design pattern for normalizing relational table schemas
2. B.A branching strategy with single shared branch and short-lived branches✓ Correct
3. C.Using tree data structures for organizing hierarchical information
4. D.A testing strategy for validating software behavior systematically

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Q23. What is the concept of 'shift left' in testing?

1. A.Moving code directly to production without any testing or review
2. B.Left-aligning all source code for consistent formatting readability
3. C.Performing testing earlier in the development lifecycle for detection✓ Correct
4. D.Moving test files to the left side of the project directory tree

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Q24. What is the difference between monorepo and polyrepo strategies?

1. A.Polyrepo is only suitable for small projects with limited source code
2. B.Monorepo is always the better choice regardless of project requirements
3. C.There is no meaningful difference between the two repository strategies
4. D.Monorepo stores all projects in one repo; polyrepo uses separate repos✓ Correct

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Q25. What is feature flagging/toggling?

1. A.A branching strategy for organizing feature development in Git
2. B.A testing tool for validating feature behavior before release
3. C.Deleting features permanently from the codebase and all traces
4. D.Enabling or disabling features at runtime without deploying code✓ Correct

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Q26. What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

1. A.Managing infrastructure through configuration files not manual processes✓ Correct
2. B.A programming paradigm for organizing code into functional modules
3. C.Writing source code directly on production servers for deployment
4. D.A coding standard for formatting and naming conventions in code

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Q27. What is the concept of 'toil' in Site Reliability Engineering (SRE)?

1. A.Testing software to validate that it meets all specified requirements
2. B.Manual repetitive automatable work scaling linearly with service size✓ Correct
3. C.Hard work that requires significant effort and long hours from team
4. D.Debugging code to find and fix errors in the application source

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Q28. What is observability in software systems?

1. A.A debugging tool for stepping through code execution line by line
2. B.Watching code run step by step in a debugger tool window
3. C.Monitoring only server uptime without any additional data collection
4. D.Understanding system state from external outputs like logs and metrics✓ Correct

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Q29. What is the strangler fig pattern for legacy modernization?

1. A.Gradually replacing legacy systems by building new functionality around✓ Correct
2. B.A refactoring tool for automatically restructuring legacy code
3. C.A tree-related data structure pattern for hierarchical organization
4. D.Deleting all old code at once and replacing with a new system

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Q30. What is the CAP theorem and how does it affect development practices?

1. A.A design pattern for organizing code into reusable modular components
2. B.In distributed systems, only two of Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance✓ Correct
3. C.A coding principle for writing clean and maintainable source code
4. D.A testing theorem for determining the minimum number of test cases

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