Advanced Programming Concepts

Q1. What is an event in event-driven programming?

1. A.An action or occurrence that a program can respond to✓ Correct
2. B.A function that performs a specific task when called
3. C.A syntax error in the source code of the program
4. D.A variable that stores data values during execution

Report an error in this question

Q2. What is refactoring?

1. A.Adding new features and functionality to the existing codebase
2. B.Restructuring code to improve structure without changing behavior✓ Correct
3. C.Deleting unused code and removing deprecated function calls
4. D.Rewriting the entire codebase from scratch completely

Report an error in this question

Q3. What is the Singleton pattern?

1. A.Ensuring a class has only one global instance✓ Correct
2. B.Creating many instances of a class at once
3. C.An error pattern for handling exceptions
4. D.A function pattern for recursive operations

Report an error in this question

Q4. What is abstraction in programming?

1. A.A primitive data type for storing numeric values only
2. B.Making code unnecessarily complex and hard to follow
3. C.Hiding details while exposing essential features only✓ Correct
4. D.A type of error that occurs during program execution

Report an error in this question

Q5. What is a data structure?

1. A.A way of organizing data for efficient access✓ Correct
2. B.A programming language for writing software
3. C.A function that performs a specific operation
4. D.A database management system for storage

Report an error in this question

Q6. What is recursion?

1. A.A function calling itself to solve problems✓ Correct
2. B.An error in the program source code
3. C.A type of iterative loop construct
4. D.A data structure for storing elements

Report an error in this question

Q7. What is an annotation/decorator?

1. A.Metadata or wrapper adding behavior without modifying code✓ Correct
2. B.A loop construct for iterating over collection elements
3. C.A comment in the source code for documentation
4. D.A variable that stores a single data value in memory

Report an error in this question

Q8. What is a generic/template in programming?

1. A.A design pattern for building complex object hierarchies
2. B.Code that works with any type specified at compile time✓ Correct
3. C.A default value assigned to variables automatically
4. D.A runtime check that validates data types dynamically

Report an error in this question

Q9. What is a design pattern?

1. A.A reusable solution template for common software problems✓ Correct
2. B.A type of algorithm for data processing
3. C.A user interface visual design layout
4. D.A programming language for building applications

Report an error in this question

Q10. What is the Strategy pattern?

1. A.A sorting method that orders elements in a specific sequence
2. B.A game strategy for winning competitions against opponents
3. C.A pattern defining interchangeable algorithms varying independently✓ Correct
4. D.A caching technique for storing frequently accessed data values

Report an error in this question

Q11. What is the difference between aggregation and composition in UML?

1. A.Composition implies weaker ownership than aggregation in all designs
2. B.Aggregation implies stronger ownership than composition in all cases
3. C.Aggregation implies weak ownership; composition implies strong ownership✓ Correct
4. D.They are identical concepts with no practical differences at all

Report an error in this question

Q12. What is the Iterator pattern?

1. A.Accessing collection elements sequentially without exposing internals✓ Correct
2. B.A search technique for finding elements in a sorted collection
3. C.A sorting algorithm for ordering elements in ascending sequence
4. D.A loop construct for iterating over elements in arrays

Report an error in this question

Q13. What is the Adapter pattern?

1. A.A data converter for transforming file format encodings
2. B.A sorting adapter for converting between sort algorithms
3. C.A pattern wrapping one interface to match another interface✓ Correct
4. D.A physical power adapter for electrical devices

Report an error in this question

Q14. What is the Factory pattern?

1. A.A singleton variant that creates exactly one object instance
2. B.A manufacturing system for producing physical goods
3. C.An iterator pattern for traversing collections sequentially
4. D.A pattern providing an interface for creating objects flexibly✓ Correct

Report an error in this question

Q15. What is the DRY principle?

1. A.A testing principle for validating dry run output
2. B.A moisture management rule for server rooms
3. C.Avoid duplicating code by abstracting common logic✓ Correct
4. D.A drying algorithm for removing duplicate data

Report an error in this question

Q16. What is the Observer pattern?

1. A.A logging pattern for recording application events to a file
2. B.A security pattern for authenticating users before granting access
3. C.A subject notifies dependent observers of state changes automatically✓ Correct
4. D.Watching code execute step by step in the debugger tool

Report an error in this question

Q17. What is the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern?

1. A.A database pattern for organizing tables and their relationships
2. B.A testing framework for writing and running automated test suites
3. C.Separating application into Model (data), View (UI), Controller (logic)✓ Correct
4. D.A data structure for organizing elements in memory efficiently

Report an error in this question

Q18. What is lazy loading?

1. A.Loading resources in reverse chronological order
2. B.Deferring initialization until actually needed✓ Correct
3. C.A slow loading technique for large file downloads
4. D.Loading all data and resources at startup time

Report an error in this question

Q19. What is the Decorator pattern?

1. A.A user interface pattern for visual element styling
2. B.A logging tool for recording method execution traces
3. C.Adding annotations to class methods for documentation
4. D.Dynamically adding responsibilities to objects through wrapping✓ Correct

Report an error in this question

Q20. What is the difference between composition and inheritance as design strategies?

1. A.Composition offers flexibility and loose coupling; inheritance is tighter✓ Correct
2. B.They are identical design strategies with no practical differences
3. C.Inheritance is always better than composition in every design scenario
4. D.Composition is always slower in execution than inheritance-based designs

Report an error in this question

Q21. What is the actor model?

1. A.Independent units communicating via asynchronous message passing✓ Correct
2. B.A relational database model for organizing table schemas
3. C.A user interface pattern for laying out visual components
4. D.A design pattern for video game character development

Report an error in this question

Q22. What is a monad in functional programming?

1. A.A single immutable value in the program code
2. B.A pattern wrapping values for chaining operations with effects✓ Correct
3. C.A primitive data type for storing basic values in memory
4. D.A loop construct for iterating through collection elements

Report an error in this question

Q23. What is the difference between a microkernel and a monolithic architecture?

1. A.Microkernel architecture is always larger in size than monolithic
2. B.Monolithic architecture is always more modular than microkernel
3. C.Microkernel has minimal core with plugins; monolithic is all-in-one✓ Correct
4. D.There is no meaningful difference between the two architecture styles

Report an error in this question

Q24. What is reactive programming?

1. A.Procedural programming with sequential statement execution
2. B.A paradigm focused on async data streams and change propagation✓ Correct
3. C.Programming with user interface reactions and animations
4. D.Event-driven programming using callbacks and event listeners

Report an error in this question

Q25. What is the Visitor pattern and when would you use it?

1. A.Defining new operations on objects without changing their classes✓ Correct
2. B.An authentication pattern for verifying user identity securely
3. C.A logging pattern for recording all application events to files
4. D.Tracking website visitors for analytics and usage metrics

Report an error in this question

Q26. What is the Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) pattern?

1. A.An authentication method for verifying user credentials
2. B.A database query for selecting records from tables
3. C.A sorting algorithm for ordering elements in collections
4. D.Separating read and write operations into different models✓ Correct

Report an error in this question

Q27. What is a domain-specific language (DSL)?

1. A.A general-purpose programming language for all domains
2. B.A scripting language for automating repetitive tasks
3. C.A specialized language designed for a particular domain✓ Correct
4. D.An assembly language for low-level hardware programming

Report an error in this question

Q28. What is the hexagonal architecture (ports and adapters)?

1. A.A network topology for connecting distributed system nodes
2. B.A six-sided geometric design for user interfaces
3. C.Isolating core domain from externals through ports and adapters✓ Correct
4. D.A database design for organizing tables and relationships

Report an error in this question

Q29. What is algebraic effects as a programming concept?

1. A.Expressing side effects as values handled by effect handlers separately✓ Correct
2. B.An optimization technique for improving numerical computation speed
3. C.Mathematical operations performed on algebraic expressions
4. D.A specialized data structure for storing algebraic computation results

Report an error in this question

Q30. What is aspect-oriented programming (AOP)?

1. A.A subtype of object-oriented programming methodology
2. B.Separating cross-cutting concerns from business logic via aspects✓ Correct
3. C.A user interface pattern for organizing visual layout components
4. D.A testing approach for validating application behavior thoroughly

Report an error in this question