Algorithms & Flow Control

Q1. What is a flowchart for?

1. A.Creating user interface layouts
2. B.Designing database table schemas
3. C.Visually representing algorithm steps✓ Correct
4. D.Writing executable source code

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Q2. Which symbol is a decision?

1. A.Diamond✓ Correct
2. B.Parallelogram
3. C.Rectangle
4. D.Oval

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Q3. Which symbol is a process?

1. A.Arrow
2. B.Oval
3. C.Diamond
4. D.Rectangle✓ Correct

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Q4. What does an oval represent?

1. A.Process
2. B.Decision
3. C.Start or End✓ Correct
4. D.Input/Output

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Q5. What is pseudocode?

1. A.A specific programming language
2. B.Informal high-level algorithm description✓ Correct
3. C.Machine-readable binary code
4. D.Directly executable source code

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Q6. Three basic control structures?

1. A.Start, Process, End
2. B.Create, Read, Delete
3. C.Sequence, Selection, Iteration✓ Correct
4. D.Input, Output, Storage

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Q7. What is sequence?

1. A.Skipping steps entirely
2. B.Repeating a set of steps
3. C.Steps in random order
4. D.Steps one after another in order✓ Correct

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Q8. What does selection do?

1. A.Skips all code entirely
2. B.Executes all paths at once
3. C.Chooses paths based on condition✓ Correct
4. D.Repeats code multiple times

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Q9. What does iteration do?

1. A.Stops the program entirely
2. B.Deletes all variable values
3. C.Executes code only once
4. D.Repeats while condition is true✓ Correct

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Q10. Which symbol is input/output?

1. A.Circle
2. B.Parallelogram✓ Correct
3. C.Rectangle
4. D.Diamond

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Q11. While vs do-while?

1. A.While only runs the loop body once
2. B.Do-while never actually executes code
3. C.While checks first; do-while runs once✓ Correct
4. D.They are exactly the same construct

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Q12. Connector symbol indicates?

1. A.A terminal or endpoint state
2. B.Continuation on another page✓ Correct
3. C.A decision point in the flow
4. D.An input or output operation

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Q13. What is a nested loop?

1. A.A loop inside another loop✓ Correct
2. B.A loop that runs just once
3. C.A loop with no condition
4. D.A loop that never ends

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Q14. for i=1 to 5 executes how many times?

1. A.5 times✓ Correct
2. B.6 times
3. C.0 times
4. D.4 times

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Q15. What is an infinite loop?

1. A.Condition never becomes false✓ Correct
2. B.A very fast loop execution
3. C.A loop that runs just twice
4. D.A loop with an empty body

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Q16. What is a sentinel value?

1. A.A random value in the data
2. B.Special value signaling end of input✓ Correct
3. C.An error code returned by functions
4. D.A variable name in the program

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Q17. What does break do?

1. A.Skips to the next iteration
2. B.Restarts the loop from start
3. C.Pauses the loop temporarily
4. D.Immediately exits the loop✓ Correct

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Q18. What does continue do?

1. A.Breaks out of all nested loops
2. B.Skips rest, goes to next iteration✓ Correct
3. C.Restarts the entire program run
4. D.Exits the loop entirely now

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Q19. What is switch-case for?

1. A.Handling errors and exceptions
2. B.Selecting blocks based on a value✓ Correct
3. C.Iterating through a collection
4. D.Managing memory allocation tasks

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Q20. x=0; while x<3: print x; x=x+1. Output?

1. A.1 2 3
2. B.1 2
3. C.0 1 2 3
4. D.0 1 2✓ Correct

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Q21. for i=1..3, j=1..2: print(i*j). Output?

1. A.1 1 2 2 3 3
2. B.1 2 2 4 3 6✓ Correct
3. C.1 2 3 4 5 6
4. D.2 4 6 8 10 12

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Q22. What is tail recursion?

1. A.A recursion that never ends at all
2. B.Last operation is the recursive call✓ Correct
3. C.Recursion with multiple base cases
4. D.A specific type of iterative loop

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Q23. Recursion vs iteration relationship?

1. A.They are completely unrelated concepts
2. B.Only recursion works for any problem
3. C.Every recursive can become iterative✓ Correct
4. D.Iteration is always faster than recursion

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Q24. Factorial base case?

1. A.n * factorial(n-1) recursive call
2. B.factorial(n)=n for all values
3. C.factorial(0)=1 or factorial(1)=1✓ Correct
4. D.No base case is ever needed

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Q25. No base case means?

1. A.The function runs much faster
2. B.Stack overflow from infinite recursion✓ Correct
3. C.The function gives correct results
4. D.The function returns zero always

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Q26. What is mutual recursion?

1. A.A function calling only itself
2. B.Functions calling each other cyclically✓ Correct
3. C.A loop nested inside a function
4. D.Recursion without any base case

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Q27. Max depth for naive fibonacci(n)?

1. A.n/2
2. B.log n
3. C.2^n
4. D.n✓ Correct

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Q28. What is a coroutine?

1. A.A specific type of loop construct
2. B.Can suspend and resume execution✓ Correct
3. C.A normal sequential function call
4. D.An error handler for exceptions

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Q29. What is short-circuit evaluation?

1. A.Evaluating expressions in reverse order
2. B.A hardware electrical circuit fault
3. C.Always evaluate all operands fully
4. D.Stop evaluating when result is known✓ Correct

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Q30. What is a basic block?

1. A.A class definition in a program
2. B.A function definition in code
3. C.One entry, one exit, no branches✓ Correct
4. D.Any arbitrary piece of code

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