NoSQL & Modern Databases

Q1. NoSQL stands for:

1. A.Not Only SQL format✓ Correct
2. B.Newer SQL approach
3. C.Non-Standard Queries
4. D.No Structured Queries

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Q2. Which of the following is a NoSQL database?

1. A.MySQL
2. B.PostgreSQL
3. C.Oracle DB
4. D.MongoDB✓ Correct

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Q3. NoSQL databases are designed primarily for:

1. A.Replacing all SQL databases entirely in every use case now
2. B.Only relational data organized in normalized table schemas
3. C.Small structured datasets only stored in relational tables
4. D.Scalability and handling large volumes of unstructured data✓ Correct

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Q4. A document-oriented database stores data as:

1. A.Graphs with nodes and edge links
2. B.Fixed-size blocks on the disk drive
3. C.Tables with rows and columns only
4. D.Documents (typically JSON or BSON)✓ Correct

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Q5. A key-value store maps:

1. A.Tables to their schemas
2. B.Rows to table columns
3. C.Queries to result sets
4. D.A unique key to a value✓ Correct

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Q6. Redis is an example of a:

1. A.Key-value store✓ Correct
2. B.Column-family store
3. C.Graph database
4. D.Relational database

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Q7. A column-family store organizes data into:

1. A.Documents in JSON format
2. B.Traditional rows and tables
3. C.Columns and column families✓ Correct
4. D.Graphs with node and edges

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Q8. Apache Cassandra is an example of a:

1. A.Relational database
2. B.Document database
3. C.Graph database
4. D.Column-family store✓ Correct

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Q9. A graph database stores data as:

1. A.Documents in JSON formats
2. B.Key-value pairs only stored
3. C.Nodes, edges, and properties✓ Correct
4. D.Tables and rows of records

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Q10. Neo4j is an example of a:

1. A.Document database
2. B.Key-value store
3. C.Relational database
4. D.Graph database✓ Correct

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Q11. The BASE properties in NoSQL stand for:

1. A.Batch Analysis, Stable Environment for data processing
2. B.Binary Access, Sequential Evaluation of stored records
3. C.Basic Access, Secure Entry with authentication support
4. D.Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent✓ Correct

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Q12. NoSQL databases typically favor:

1. A.Strong consistency over availability in all distributed environments
2. B.Availability and partition tolerance over strong consistency (AP in CAP)✓ Correct
3. C.Neither availability nor consistency for distributed data systems
4. D.Only consistency without any consideration for availability at all

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Q13. Sharding in NoSQL databases refers to:

1. A.Compressing data to reduce storage on each server node
2. B.Horizontally partitioning data across multiple servers✓ Correct
3. C.Vertically splitting a table into separate column groups
4. D.Encrypting data before storing it on distributed servers

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Q14. MongoDB stores data in which format?

1. A.CSV (Comma Separated)
2. B.Plain text (Flat file)
3. C.XML (Markup Language)
4. D.BSON (Binary JSON)✓ Correct

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Q15. In MongoDB, a collection is analogous to:

1. A.A column in a relational database
2. B.A database in a relational system
3. C.A table in a relational database✓ Correct
4. D.A row in a relational database

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Q16. MapReduce in NoSQL is used for:

1. A.Managing transactions and ensuring ACID properties on the data
2. B.Creating indexes on columns for improving data retrieval speed
3. C.Single-record queries for retrieving individual data items fast
4. D.Processing large datasets in parallel across distributed systems✓ Correct

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Q17. Which NoSQL database type is best for social network relationship queries?

1. A.Key-value store
2. B.Document database
3. C.Column-family store
4. D.Graph database✓ Correct

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Q18. Denormalization in NoSQL is common because:

1. A.It reduces storage requirements on each server in cluster
2. B.It enforces referential integrity between related records
3. C.It avoids expensive joins and improves read performance✓ Correct
4. D.It simplifies updates by reducing the number of writes

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Q19. Apache HBase is built on top of:

1. A.MongoDB
2. B.Redis
3. C.Hadoop HDFS✓ Correct
4. D.MySQL

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Q20. Eventual consistency in NoSQL means:

1. A.No consistency is guaranteed between replicas at any point in time whatsoever
2. B.Data is never consistent across replicas regardless of the time that passes
3. C.All reads always return the latest written value from any replica in the cluster
4. D.All replicas will converge to the same state given enough time without new updates✓ Correct

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Q21. The concept of tunable consistency in Cassandra means:

1. A.Consistency cannot be changed once the Cassandra cluster has been configured
2. B.Only strong consistency is available for all queries in the entire cluster
3. C.The consistency level can be configured per query (ONE, QUORUM, ALL, etc.)✓ Correct
4. D.Only eventual consistency is possible and no other level can be selected

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Q22. A wide-column store differs from a traditional columnar database in that:

1. A.It is identical to a relational database model
2. B.All rows must have the same columns defined
3. C.Each row can have a different set of columns✓ Correct
4. D.It uses only fixed schemas without flexibility

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Q23. CRDTs (Conflict-free Replicated Data Types) are used in distributed NoSQL to:

1. A.Automatically resolve conflicts in replicated data without coordination✓ Correct
2. B.Compress data to reduce the network transfer size between replica sites
3. C.Encrypt data before replicating it across the distributed cluster nodes
4. D.Create indexes on replicated data for faster query retrieval operations

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Q24. The gossip protocol in distributed NoSQL systems is used for:

1. A.Transaction management for multi-site commit control
2. B.Index creation on distributed data across all nodes
3. C.Query optimization for distributed join operations
4. D.Spreading information about cluster state across nodes✓ Correct

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Q25. NewSQL databases aim to provide:

1. A.Only NoSQL features without any ACID guarantee support
2. B.No guarantees at all for either consistency or scaling
3. C.SQL-like guarantees (ACID) with NoSQL-like scalability✓ Correct
4. D.Only traditional SQL features without scalability gains

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Q26. Examples of NewSQL databases include:

1. A.Google Spanner, CockroachDB, VoltDB✓ Correct
2. B.All of the above are NewSQL types
3. C.MongoDB, Redis, Apache Cassandra
4. D.MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database

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Q27. The LSM (Log-Structured Merge) tree used in many NoSQL databases provides:

1. A.Only sequential reads without support for random access query patterns
2. B.High read throughput only without any optimization for write operations
3. C.High write throughput by buffering writes in memory and merging to disk✓ Correct
4. D.No performance benefits over traditional B-tree index structures at all

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Q28. Google's Bigtable is:

1. A.A traditional relational database with SQL support
2. B.A key-value store only without column family data
3. C.A distributed, sparse, multi-dimensional sorted map✓ Correct
4. D.A graph database using nodes and edge connections

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Q29. Amazon DynamoDB uses:

1. A.B+ trees for all data storage and access
2. B.Consistent hashing for data partitioning✓ Correct
3. C.Only single-node storage without sharding
4. D.Relational tables internally for all data

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Q30. Multi-model databases support:

1. A.Only relational data organized in standard normalized table format on disk
2. B.Only flat files stored sequentially without any structured data model in use
3. C.Multiple data models (document, graph, key-value) in a single database engine✓ Correct
4. D.Only one data model such as relational without any support for other models

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